NCERT Geography PDF (Land & People- Part-II)

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Ncert Geography PDF (Land & People- Part-II) By MyNotesAdda.Com
Ncert Geography PDF (Land & People- Part-II) By MyNotesAdda.Com

NCERT Geography PDF (Land & People Part-II) 

Today, we are sharing a NCERT Geography PDF (Land & People- Part-II). This is very useful for the upcoming competitive exams like SSC CGL, BANK, RAILWAYS, RRB NTPC, LIC AAO, and many other exams. NCERT Geography PDF (Land & People- Part-II) is very important for any competitive exam and this Art and Culture PDF In Hindi is very useful for it. this FREE PDF will be very helpful for your examination.

Gktrick.in is an online Educational Platform, where you can download free PDF for UPSC, SSC CGL, BANK, RAILWAYS, RRB NTPC, LIC AAO, and many other exams. Our NCERT Geography PDF (Land & People- Part-II) is very Simple and Easy. We also Cover Basic Topics like Maths, Geography, History, Polity, etc and study materials including previous Year Question Papers, Current Affairs, Important Formulas, etc for upcoming Banking, UPSC, SSC CGL Exams. Our PDF will help you to upgrade your mark in any competitive exam.

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Topics Include In NCERT Geography PDF (Land & People- Part-II)

I. The Land 

  • North-East India: Structural Framework
  • Relief Features of North-East India
  • The Drainage System of North-East India
  • Weather and Climate of North-East India
  • Natural Hazards in the North-East Region of India
  • The Resource Endowment of North-East India
  • Natural Vegetation: Forests and Grasslands of North-East India

II. The People

  • Early Colonisation of North-East India
  • People of North-East India
  • Population of the North-Eastern States of India
  • Migration and Its Impact on the Society and the Economy of North-East India
  • Rural Settlements in North-East India
  • Urbanisation and Urban Landscape in North-East India

NCERT Geography PDF (Land & People- Part-II)

I. The Land 

North-East India: Structural Framework

Geologically, North-East India presents a stratigraphic sequence which ranges from pre-Cambrian to Quaternary with huge hiatuses in between. The oldest geological formation of the region is represented by the pre-Cambrian gneissic complex of Meghalaya plateau, a craton, and the Karbi-Anglong plateau, both of which are parts of the old Gondwanaland. The Himalayas, occupying the northern border of the region, ranging in height from 1,500 to 7,000 m ASL consist of formations ranging in age from Protozoic to early Palaeozoic in age. These consist of low-grade metamorphics in the southern section to high-grade schists towards the crest of the mountains. The foot zone of the Himalayas is formed by the Tertiary rocks, largely Mio-Pliocene deposits of post-orogenic phase. The rest of the region is formed by Tertiary rocks with different marine facies, ranging in age from Eocene to Pliocene. The movement of the Indian plate to the north as well as to the north-east and east has caused a number of thrusts. The Himalayan Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and the Naga–Disang thrust separate the Himalayas and the eastern hilly region from Brahmaputra valley. 

Relief Features of North-East India

North-East India, occupying the extreme North-East corner of the country, is largely a mountainous territory with two-thirds of its area occupied by hilly and mountainous terrain. It is like an amphitheatre, surrounded by the Himalayan ranges on the north, the Indo-Myanmar peripheral chain of hills on the east, and the hills of Mizoram and Tripura on the south and opening out to the west in the valleys of the river Brahmaputra and Barak. The region presents an enormous amplitude of relief, with heights ranging from 50 m ASL in Brahmaputra valley to 7,000 m ASL in the Himalayan borderland. The eastern hilly region, characterised by a series of parallel and subparallel north–south-trending ridges and valleys, lies on the Indo-Myanmar plate boundary on the east and is separated from Brahmaputra valley by Naga–Disang thrust on the west. The north–south alignment of low hills continues in Mizoram, lying on the Myanmar border, and in the state of Tripura, which shares its international border with Bangladesh. The western part of Tripura is a plain, drained by the west-flowing streams that join the river Meghna in Bangladesh to find their way to the Bay of Bengal. The region is seismically active, and the plains of Assam suffer frequent and sometimes most intense floods that cause huge loss of life and property.

  II The People

Early Colonisation of North-East India

The earliest signs of human occupance in the North-East region are generally believed to have occurred during the Neolithic or at the earliest, mid-Palaeolithic times. The widespread occurrence of Megaliths in the region suggests a continuation of human culture for millennia. Whether these very early settlers evolved into successive generations of proto- and early historic human societies is a difficult question. The present distribution of different racial and linguistic groups leads one to believe that the earliest colonisers of this region were the Mongoloid people. On the basis of language, three distinct groups occupying three distinct regions can be identified. The Mongoloid people, speaking Tibeto-Burman language, were perhaps the first group to arrive from Tibet or adjacent areas, followed by people of eastern peripheral mountains, including the Nagas who spilled over from the Burmese highland. The Austric or Austro-Asiatic group, represented by the Khasis-Syntengs, is like an island in Bodo speaking sea of humanity. By all accounts, Bodos and Bodo-speaking people were one of the first to colonise Assam, away from the flood plain of Brahmaputra.

People of North-East India

The population of North-East India is formed of several racial stocks, principally, the Mongoloids, the Indo-Aryans, the Australoids or Austric and the Dravidians, the last being a very minor group represented by some immigrant population. While the original settlers were the Mongoloids, the Indo-Aryan and other groups arrived later. There is undoubtedly a dominance of Mongoloid element in the population of North-East India. Besides the racial differences, there is a tribal–nontribal duality recognised by the Constitution of India to secure certain benefits to the tribal community, to enable them to catch up with the rest of the society, in educational attainment and the level of living. Most of the tribes or tribal communities are concentrated in the hilly states of Arunachal Pradesh; Nagaland; Manipur; Mizoram, on Myanmar border; and Meghalaya, sandwiched between Assam and Bangladesh. While the tribes of Arunachal migrated to this region at a very early date, the arrival of the Nagas, Kukis and Mizos in their present habitat is relatively recent. Most of the indigenous people of North-East India have embraced Christianity, transforming the social ethos and cultural practices of the Nagas, the Mizos, the Khasi and the Garos. The Bodos, the largest tribal group of the region and largely confined to Assam, have adopted Hinduism and are known by different names like Bodos, Kacharis and Mechs. Some who came under the influence of the Royal Koch dynasty call themselves ‘Rajbanshis’, meaning people having royal lineage. The Kukis of Manipur and Tripurs of Tripura are other important tribal groups.

And Many More….

Most Important 50 Geography GK Questions in Hindi :-

  1. कौन-सा महासागर herring pond के नाम से जाना जाता है?– अटलांटिक महासागर
  2. ‘सरदार सरोवर परियोजना’ किस नदी पर स्थित है? – नर्मदा नदी
  3. विश्व में कौन–सा देश केले का सबसे ज्यादा उत्पादन करने वाला देश है? – भारत
  4. दक्षिण अमेरिका की सबसे बड़ी नदी कौन-सी है? – अमेजन नदी
  5. कौन-सी नहर संसार की सबसे महत्वपूर्ण जहाजी नहर है? – स्वेज नहर
  6. भारत की सबसे बड़ी कृत्रिम झील कौन–सी है? – गोविन्द वल्लभ पन्त सागर
  7. प्रसिद्ध ‘चिल्का’ झील कहां स्थित है? – ओडिशा में
  8. वायुमण्डल की किस परत से ‘रेडियो तरंगें’ परावर्तित होती हैं? – आयनमण्डल
  9. कौन-सा देश ‘पवित्र भूमि’ के नाम से जाना जाता है? – फिलीस्तीन
  10. क्षेत्रफल की दृष्टि से सबसे बड़ा राज्य कौन-सा है? – राजस्थान
  11. पृथ्वी की ऊपरी परत को क्या कहते हैं? – भूपर्पटी
  12. वायुमण्डल में सबसे अधिक मात्रा में पायी जाने वाली गैस कौन-सी है? – नाइट्रोजन
  13. भारत में सर्वाधिक पक्की सड़क वाला राज्य कौन-सा है? – महाराष्ट्र
  14. ‘विश्व का चीनी भण्डार’ या ‘चीनी का प्याला’ के नाम से कौन-सा देश जाना जाता है? – क्यूबा
  15. सबसे घना आबाद SAARC देश कौन-सा है? – बांग्लादेश
  16. वायुदाब मापने का कौन-सा यन्त्र होता है? – बैरोमीटर
  17. शिकार के लिए हारपून का प्रयोग कौन-सी जनजाति करती है? – एस्किमो
  18. विश्व में मक्का की पेटी किस देश में पायी जाती है? – यू.एस.ए.
  19. वायुमण्डल की आर्द्रता मापने वाला कौन-सा यन्त्र होता है? – हाइग्रोमीटर
  20. प्रसिद्ध अंगुलियांनुमा झील क्षेत्र कहाँ स्थित है? – संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
  21. संसार का सर्वाधिक सक्रिय ज्वालामुखी कौन-सा है? – किलायू
  22. पृथ्वी की ऊपरी परत में किस तत्व की मात्रा सर्वाधिक है? – ऑक्सीजन
  23. बरमूडा त्रिभुज (Bermuda Triangle) किस महासागर में स्थित है? – उत्तरी अटलांटिक महासागर
  24. पाक जलसन्धि किस को जोड़ती है? – मन्नार एवं बंगाल की खाड़ी
  25. सबसे बड़ा महासागर कौन–सा है? – प्रशान्त महासागर
  26. भारत में रेशम (Silk) का सबसे बड़ा उत्पादक राज्य कौन-सा है? – कर्नाटक
  27. किसको ‘ह्नाइट ऑफ द अर्थ’ कहा जाता है? – मेंटल (Mantle)
  28. भारत का सबसे अधिक गर्म स्थल कौन–सा है? – जैसलमेर
  29. उत्तर भारत के मैदानी भागों में शीत ऋतु में किस कारण से वर्षा होती है? – पश्चिमी विक्षोभों से
  30. भारत का दक्षिणतम द्वीप कौन-सा है? – ग्रेट निकोबार
  31. किम्बरले किस लिए प्रसिद्ध है? – हीरा के खनन
  32. लाल सागर, भूमध्य सागर से किस नहर के द्वारा जुड़ा होता है? – स्वेज नहर
  33. विश्व की सबसे बड़ी खारे पानी की झील कौन–सी है? – Caspian Sea
  34. विश्व का सबसे छोटा महासागर कौन-सा है? – Arctic Ocean
  35. किस यन्त्र के द्वारा भूकम्प की तीव्रता को मापा जाता है? – Seismograph
  36. विश्व की सबसे लम्बी गैस पाइपलाइन कौन-सी है? – ट्रान्स कनाडा गैस पाइपलाइन
  37. द्वीपों की सर्वाधिक संख्या किस महासागर में देखने को मिलती है? – प्रशान्त महासागर
  38. किसे ‘चावल का देश’ कहा जाता है? – थाईलैण्ड
  39. भारत के उत्तरी मैदानों में शीतकाल में वर्षा कैसे होती है? – पश्चिमी विक्षोभ से
  40. रिक्टर स्केल क्या मापता है? – भूकम्प की तीव्रता
  41. पृथ्वी के कितने प्रतिशत भाग पर जलमण्डल का विस्तार है? – 71%
  42. किस महाद्वीप में एटलस पर्वत स्थित है? – यूरोप
  43. विश्व की सबसे बड़ी झील कौन–सी है? – कैस्पियन झील
  44. काला सागर किस देश के दक्षिण में स्थित है? – रूस
  45. खनिज तेल एवं कोयला किन चट्टानों में पाया जाता है? – अवसादी
  46. विश्व में सबसे ऊँचा बाँध कौन-सा है? – रोगवन्स्की (तजाकिस्तान)
  47. विश्व में सबसे अधिक जनसंख्या वाले 10 देशों में एशिया में कितने देश हैं? – 6
  48. देश का सर्वश्रेष्ठ प्राकृतिक बन्दरगाह कौन–सा है? – विशाखापट्टनम
  49. इन्दिरा गाँधी नहर या राजस्थान नहर को किस नदी से जल मिलता है? – सतलज
  50. विश्व का सबसे ऊँचा पठार कौन–सा है? – पामीर, तिब्बत का पठार

Topic name:-Ncert Geography PDF (Land & People- Part-II)

Number of Pages:- 70

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